| History of the
CASA concept
In 1976, Superior Court
Judge David Soukup of Seattle, WA, saw a recurring problem in his
courtroom:
"In criminal and civil
cases, even though there were always many different points of view, you
walked out of the courthouse at the end of the day and you said, 'I've
done my best; I can live with this decision,' he explains.
"But when you're
involved with a child and you're trying to decide what to do to facilitate
that child's growth into a mature and happy adult, you don't feel like you
have sufficient information to allow you to make the right decision. You
can't walk away and leave them at the courthouse at 4 o'clock. You wonder,
'Do I really know everything I should? Have I really been told all of the
different things? Is this really right?'"
To ensure he was getting
all the facts and the long-term welfare of each child was being
represented, the Seattle judge came up with an idea that would change
America's judicial procedure and the lives of thousands of children. He
obtained funding to recruit and train community volunteers to step into
courtrooms on behalf of the children: the Court Appointed Special Advocate
(CASA) volunteers.
This unique concept was
implemented in Seattle as a pilot program in January 1977. During that
first year, the program provided 110 trained CASA volunteers for 498
children in 376 dependency cases.
In 1978 the National Center
of State Courts selected the Seattle program as the "best national
example of citizen participation in the juvenile justice system."
This recognition, along with a grant from the Edna McConnell Clark
Foundation of New York City (one of CASA's earliest and strongest
supporters), resulted in the replication of the Seattle CASA program in
courts across the country.
As CASA projects developed,
each new local program director made an on-site visit to the original
Seattle host program for observation and training.
By 1982 it was clear that a
national association was needed to direct CASA's emerging national
presence. The National Court Appointed Special Advocate Association was
formed that year.
By 1984 the National CASA
Association had received financial support from several significant
sources: a grant from the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court
Judges, under the direction of the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; funding from the U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services; and two one-year grants from the
Edna McConnell Clark Foundation.
National CASA has also
received support from the Kappa Alpha Theta Foundation. This international
women's fraternity selected CASA as its philanthropy and has provided
funds for a variety of projects, including start-up grants and a public
awareness video.
The Association opened its
national headquarters office in Seattle, Washington, in the summer of
1984, and launched a membership and fundraising drive.
On April 22, 1985,
President Ronald Reagan presented the National CASA Association with the
President's Volunteer Action Award for "outstanding volunteer
contribution, demonstrating accomplishment through voluntary action."
In August of 1989, the
American Bar Association, the country's largest professional organization
of attorneys, officially endorsed the use of CASA volunteers to work with
attorneys to speak for abused and neglected children in court.
In July of 1990, the
National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges named CASA
"Outstanding Volunteer Program" in America's juvenile and family
courts.
Also during that year the
U.S. Congress authorized the expansion of CASA with the passage of the
"Victims of Child Abuse Act of 1990" (P.L. 101-647), so that
"a court-appointed special advocate shall be available to every
victim of child abuse or neglect in the United States that needs such an
advocate."
The U.S. Advisory Board on
Child Abuse and Neglect included utilization of CASAs and volunteer GALs
among critical first steps it recommends to bring the "national
emergency" of child abuse and neglect in America today under control.
In July of 1991, the Office
of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of
Justice, named CASA an "Exemplary National Program in Juvenile
Delinquency Prevention."
In December of 1992, David
Soukup, founder of CASA, was recognized with an award from the Caring
Institute of Washington, DC. Also in 1992, Congress initiated funding of a
grants program to expand CASA’s representation of abused and neglected
children.
Today the National CASA
Association represents over 900 CASA programs across the country, including
Washington, DC and the U.S. Virgin Islands. It provides support for
starting programs, technical assistance, training and fundraising, media,
and public awareness services.
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